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Any claim

Final notice before action

The last letter before filing, usable for any category. Courts in several jurisdictions expect a claimant to have given this opportunity, and costs can turn on it.

generic.final-notice-before-action8 languages14-day reply window

What it actually says.

Rendered live from invented facts: A charge of USD 340 that the cardholder did not authorise, reported within the statutory window. The claimant is fictional and the figures are illustrative — your own claim produces its own numbers and its own citations.

The authority in the preview

It cites the article, not the act.

A document has to name the provision it relies on or it gets filed. These are the citations the sample evaluation put into the letter above; a real claim substitutes the ones its own regimes produced.

15 U.S.C. § 1666Fair Credit Billing Act§ 1666(a)
12 C.F.R. § 1026.13Regulation Z§ 1026.13(c)

Where it comes from

The laws that can produce this document.

A rule module declares the documents its evaluation can render into. These are the regimes in the current catalogue that offer this one — each with its own citations, deadlines and escalation ladder.

CMR Convention — international carriage of goods by road (8.33 SDR per kilogram)CMRTreaty — party states varyCMR Convention, Art. 23Parcel delay Montreal Convention 1999 — international carriage of cargo by airMONTREALTreaty — party states varyMontreal Convention 1999, Art. 22(3)Parcel delay European Union — delivery rights on consumer sales (Directive 2011/83/EU, Art. 18)EUSupranational — 30 countriesDirective 2011/83/EU, Art. 18Parcel delay EU cross-border healthcare — Directive 2011/24/EU reimbursement, the EHIC and the S2EUSupranational — 27 countriesDirective 2011/24/EU, Arts. 6, 7 and 8Medical billing PSD2 — unauthorised transactions and direct-debit refunds (Directive (EU) 2015/2366)EUSupranational — 30 countriesDirective (EU) 2015/2366 (PSD2)Card and bank billing France — dépassements d'honoraires, secteur 1 and 2, and the OPTAMFRNational — FranceCode de la santé publique, art. R. 4127-53Medical billing Germany — the GOÄ and GOZ private billing schedules and their multiplier limitsDENational — GermanyGebührenordnung für Ärzte (GOÄ), §§ 2, 5 and 12Medical billing Ireland — public hospital charges, medical cards and the HSE complaints routeIENational — IrelandHealth Act 1970 (as amended)Medical billing Italy — Servizio Sanitario Nazionale, the ticket and the URP routeITNational — ItalyLegge 23 dicembre 1978, n. 833Medical billing Netherlands — NZa tariffs, the eigen risico and the SKGZ dispute routeNLNational — NetherlandsWet marktordening gezondheidszorg (Wmg), art. 35Medical billing Russia — Charter of Railway Transport, art. 110 (3% of the fare per hour of delay)RUNational — RussiaУстав железнодорожного транспорта РФ, ст. 110 (Federal Law No. 18-FZ of 10 January 2003)Rail delay Spain — Sistema Nacional de Salud coverage and the right to economic informationESNational — SpainLey 41/2002, de autonomía del pacienteMedical billing Consumer Credit Act 1974 s.75 (and s.75A) — creditor joint and several liabilityGBNational — United KingdomConsumer Credit Act 1974, s.75Card and bank billing United Kingdom — delivery of goods, Consumer Rights Act 2015 s. 28GBNational — United KingdomConsumer Rights Act 2015, s. 28Parcel delay United Kingdom — NHS charging, overseas visitor invoices and private healthcareGBNational — United KingdomNational Health Service Act 2006, s. 1(4)Medical billing Arizona surprise out-of-network bill dispute resolution (A.R.S. § 20-3111 et seq.)US-AZSub-national — United StatesA.R.S. § 20-3111 et seq.Medical billing California — SB 478 Honest Pricing Law and the Consumers Legal Remedies ActUS-CASub-national — United StatesCal. Civ. Code § 1780Hidden fees California surprise-billing protections (AB 72; Health & Safety Code § 1371.9)US-CASub-national — United StatesCal. Health & Safety Code § 1371.9Medical billing Canada — payment card codes of conduct, provincial consumer protection and OBSICANational — CanadaCode of Conduct for the Payment Card Industry in CanadaCard and bank billing Canada — the Canada Health Act prohibition on extra-billing and user chargesCANational — CanadaCanada Health Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-6, ss. 18-19Medical billing Colorado — Consumer Protection ActUS-COSub-national — United StatesC.R.S. §§ 6-1-105, 6-1-113Hidden fees Colorado out-of-network payment and hold-harmless (C.R.S. § 10-16-704)US-COSub-national — United StatesC.R.S. § 10-16-704Medical billing Connecticut — Unfair Trade Practices ActUS-CTSub-national — United StatesConn. Gen. Stat. §§ 42-110b, 42-110gHidden fees Connecticut surprise-bill protections (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 38a-477aa)US-CTSub-national — United StatesConn. Gen. Stat. § 38a-477aaMedical billing Florida balance-billing protections (Fla. Stat. §§ 627.64194 and 641.3154)US-FLSub-national — United StatesFla. Stat. § 627.64194Medical billing Georgia Surprise Billing Consumer Protection Act (O.C.G.A. § 33-20E-1 et seq.)US-GASub-national — United StatesO.C.G.A. § 33-20E-1 et seq.Medical billing Illinois Network Adequacy and Transparency Act (215 ILCS 124)US-ILSub-national — United States215 ILCS 124/25Medical billing Maine surprise-bill protections (24-A M.R.S. § 4303-E)US-MESub-national — United States24-A M.R.S. § 4303-EMedical billing Maryland non-participating provider reimbursement (Md. Code, Insurance § 14-205.2)US-MDSub-national — United StatesMd. Code, Insurance § 14-205.2Medical billing Massachusetts — junk-fee regulations and Chapter 93AUS-MASub-national — United StatesM.G.L. c. 93A, § 9Hidden fees Michigan out-of-network care provisions (Public Acts 234 and 235 of 2020)US-MISub-national — United StatesMichigan Public Acts 234 and 235 of 2020, amending the Public Health Code and the Insurance CodeMedical billing Minnesota — 2024 mandatory-fee disclosure law and the private attorney general statuteUS-MNSub-national — United StatesMinn. Stat. § 8.31, subd. 3aHidden fees New Hampshire balance-billing protectionsUS-NHSub-national — United StatesNew Hampshire insurance statutes on out-of-network and emergency care billingMedical billing New Jersey Out-of-network Consumer Protection, Transparency, Cost Containment and Accountability ActUS-NJSub-national — United StatesN.J.S.A. 26:2SS-1 et seq.Medical billing New Mexico Surprise Billing Protection Act (NMSA 1978, §§ 59A-57-1 to -11)US-NMSub-national — United StatesNMSA 1978, §§ 59A-57-1 to -11Medical billing New York — ticket price disclosure, hotel fee disclosure and GBL §§ 349-350US-NYSub-national — United StatesN.Y. General Business Law §§ 349, 350, 350-eHidden fees New York surprise bill protections (Financial Services Law art. 6)US-NYSub-national — United StatesN.Y. Financial Services Law art. 6, §§ 601-607Medical billing Oregon out-of-network provider reimbursement (ORS 743B.287)US-ORSub-national — United StatesORS 743B.287Medical billing Pennsylvania — federal protections and the Insurance Department routeUS-PASub-national — United StatesPennsylvania Insurance Department consumer servicesMedical billing Tennessee — Consumer Protection ActUS-TNSub-national — United StatesTenn. Code Ann. §§ 47-18-104, 47-18-109Hidden fees Texas balance-billing prohibition (SB 1264; Insurance Code ch. 1467)US-TXSub-national — United StatesTex. Ins. Code ch. 1467Medical billing United States — arbitration clauses, class waivers and individual consumer arbitrationUSNational — United States9 U.S.C. § 2 (Federal Arbitration Act)Class actions Fair Credit Billing Act (Regulation Z billing-error resolution and claims-and-defences)USNational — United StatesFair Credit Billing Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1666Card and bank billing Good Faith Estimate and patient-provider dispute resolution (uninsured and self-pay)USNational — United StatesPHS Act § 2799B-6, 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-136Medical billing Medicare and Medicaid billing limits, the QMB prohibition and the appeals ladderUSNational — United States42 U.S.C. § 1395u(b)(3)(B)(ii)Medical billing No Surprises Act (federal balance-billing protections)USNational — United StatesPHS Act § 2799A-1(a), 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-111(a)Medical billing Regulation E (electronic fund transfer error resolution and consumer liability)USNational — United StatesElectronic Fund Transfer Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1693fCard and bank billing US medical billing errors, plan appeals, non-profit hospital obligations and medical debt collectionUSNational — United States45 CFR § 164.524Medical billing Virginia — Consumer Protection ActUS-VASub-national — United StatesVa. Code §§ 59.1-200, 59.1-204Hidden fees Virginia balance-billing protections (Va. Code § 38.2-3445.01 et seq.)US-VASub-national — United StatesVa. Code § 38.2-3445.01 et seq.Medical billing Washington Balance Billing Protection Act (ch. 48.49 RCW)US-WASub-national — United StatesRCW ch. 48.49Medical billing Brazil — Código de Defesa do Consumidor (right of regret and double refund of undue charges)BRNational — BrazilCódigo de Defesa do Consumidor, art. 49Card and bank billing Brazil — planos de saúde, the ANS rol de procedimentos and the consumer routeBRNational — BrazilLei nº 9.656, de 3 de junho de 1998Medical billing South Africa — prescribed minimum benefits and the Council for Medical SchemesZANational — South AfricaMedical Schemes Act 131 of 1998 and the Regulations made under itMedical billing United Arab Emirates — mandatory health insurance and the emirate health authoritiesAENational — United Arab EmiratesDubai Law No. 11 of 2013 concerning Health Insurance in the Emirate of Dubai, and the Abu Dhabi health insurance schemeMedical billing India — RBI limited liability for unauthorised electronic banking transactionsINNational — IndiaRBI/2017-18/15 — Customer Protection: Limiting Liability of Customers in Unauthorised Electronic Banking Transactions (6 July 2017)Card and bank billing India — the Clinical Establishments Act rate-display duty and the consumer forum routeINNational — IndiaClinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2010Medical billing Japan — Installment Sales Act connection of defences and Specified Commercial Transactions ActJPNational — Japan割賦販売法第30条の4 (Installment Sales Act, art. 30-4)Card and bank billing Japan — the national fee schedule and the high-cost medical expense benefitJPNational — JapanHealth Insurance Act (健康保険法) and the National Health Insurance Act (国民健康保険法)Medical billing Singapore — MAS E-Payments User Protection Guidelines and the Shared Responsibility FrameworkSGNational — SingaporeMAS E-Payments User Protection Guidelines (PSN07)Card and bank billing Singapore — MOH fee benchmarks, MediShield Life and the licensing routeSGNational — SingaporeHealthcare Services Act 2020Medical billing Australia — ePayments Code and Australian Consumer LawAUNational — AustraliaePayments Code (ASIC), Chapter CCard and bank billing Australia — Medicare, bulk billing, the MBS and informed financial consentAUNational — AustraliaHealth Insurance Act 1973 (Cth), s. 20AMedical billing

The rest of the sequence

Documents are written to be worked through in order: the opening demand, then the answer to whatever they refuse with, then the escalation. Sending the last one first usually costs you the first two.

Follow-up — no response receivedSend when the first letter has been ignored. Short by design: restates the figure, records the silence, and names the next step.generic.followup8 languages7-day reply window

You send it

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The claim wizard produces this document with your figures, your citations and your deadline already in it. You still print it, sign it and post it yourself — that part is not delegable and we would not take it if it were.

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Duesday is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice. This document is an editable template assembled from publicly available law. You are responsible for checking that the facts and the law stated are correct for your situation, and you send it yourself in your own name. Nothing here creates a solicitor–client or attorney–client relationship, and no outcome is promised.