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Unclaimed property

England & Wales — unclaimed estates and bona vacantia (Administration of Estates Act 1925 s. 46)

Sub-nationalGB-EAWDerived or secondary source

England & Wales (GB-EAW — custom key; ISO 3166-2 does not model England & Wales as a unit)

Rule id
unclaimed.gb-estates
Version
1.0.0
In force from
January 1, 1926
Last read against its sources
August 5, 2026
Countries bound
United Kingdom

In plain language

What this regime says.

When someone dies in England or Wales without a will and without traceable relatives, the estate goes to the Crown. The Bona Vacantia Division publishes a free public list of those estates and entitled relatives can claim — but only within thirty years of the death, with interest limited to claims made within twelve years of administration.

Who is covered

Relatives entitled under the intestacy rules to the estate of someone who died domiciled in England or Wales.

What you get

The share of the estate the intestacy rules give you, with interest where the claim is made within twelve years of administration.

Where claims go wrong

  • Signing with an heir-hunting firm before checking the free public list, which may already name the estate they are being coy about.
  • Building a family tree without ordering the certificates. The Division decides on documents.
  • Letting the thirty-year long-stop pass while researching.
  • Looking on the GOV.UK list for a Scottish estate, which will never be there.
The official claim route

Authority

Every citation,
with its pinpoint.

A claim that cites “EU law” gets filed. A claim that cites Article 7(1)(c) gets answered. These are the exact coordinates this entry rests on.
  1. Administration of Estates Act 1925 (c. 23), s. 46(1)(vi)Administration of Estates Act 1925 (c. 23)URL verified 2026-08-05s. 46(1)(vi) (residuary estate of an intestate without kin passes to the Crown as bona vacantia)
  2. Limitation Act 1980 (c. 58), s. 22Limitation Act 1980 (c. 58)URL verified 2026-08-05s. 22 (actions claiming a share in the personal estate of a deceased person: twelve years)

Sources

Where a figure is indexed, converted or published by a regulator rather than fixed in the instrument, the provenance is recorded separately. Anything marked as a modelled estimate is exactly that — a model, not a statutory number.

What it imposes

Clocks, defences and the ladder.

A rule module builds these while it evaluates, because a limitation period depends on which forum is open to you. What follows is the structure this regime produces — deliberately with no dates and no figures, because those belong to your facts rather than to the law.

The clocks it starts

  • Your right to this property is extinguished if you do not claim in timeFatal if missedThe statutory limitation period for a claim to a share in the estate of a deceased person is twelve years under s. 22 of the Limitation Act 1980, and interest is paid on a claim made within twelve years of the estate being administered. The Crown will nonetheless consider a claim from kin outside that period, without interest, up to thirty years from the date of death. Beyond thirty years no claim is considered and there is no discretion to extend. The clock runs from the date of the deceased's death. We cannot date it for you because the information you have given us does not include when the property became dormant — ask the administrator for that date in writing as the first thing you do. (Period: 30 years. We need the start date to work out your exact deadline.)Limitation Act 1980 (c. 58), s. 22 — s. 22 (actions claiming a share in the personal estate of a deceased person: twelve years)Limitation period

What it entitles you to, beyond money

  • Interest or indexation on the sum heldInterest is paid on a claim accepted within twelve years of the estate being administered. A claim accepted after that but within thirty years of the death is paid without interest.s. 22 (actions claiming a share in the personal estate of a deceased person: twelve years)
  • A route for heirs and estatesThe whole of this module is an heir route. Entitlement runs by the intestacy rules: spouse or civil partner, then children and their descendants, then parents, then siblings of the whole blood and their descendants, then siblings of the half blood, then grandparents, then uncles and aunts. You must be able to prove the chain with birth, marriage and death certificates — a family tree is not evidence, certificates are.s. 46(1)(vi) (residuary estate of an intestate without kin passes to the Crown as bona vacantia)
  • A free search of the official registerSearching the GOV.UK unclaimed estates list costs nothing and requires no account, no fee and no intermediary. Search under every name you have used.

What the other side will say

Each of these is a refusal this regime lets a counterparty attempt, paired with the answer to it. Reading them before you write is worth more than any amount of polish on the letter itself.

A "recovery agent" or "asset locator" contacts you first

high likelihood

A firm writes or calls saying it has located money in your name and will recover it for a share — commonly a quarter to a half — and asks you to sign a locator agreement before it will tell you where the money is or who holds it.

What answers it

Every register in this product is free to search and free to claim from, and the office holding the money will not pay a finder any faster than it pays you. You do not need to know where the money is to find it: search the official portal for your own name. If you have already signed, check the statutory finder rules for the jurisdiction — most void an agreement made within a defined window after the property reached the administrator and cap the fee thereafter, and an agreement that breaks those rules is unenforceable against you.

"The owner is deceased and you have not proved you are entitled"

high likelihood

The register holds property in a dead relative's name and the administrator asks for grant of probate, letters of administration or an equivalent that the family never obtained because the estate looked too small to be worth administering.

What answers it

Ask the office what its small-estate route is before you pay for probate. Most administrators will pay a modest sum to a surviving spouse or next of kin on an affidavit of heirship, a death certificate and proof of relationship, precisely because requiring a grant for a small balance would mean nobody ever claims it. Where the sum is large enough to need a grant, the existence of the asset is itself the reason to obtain one.

"We cannot match you to this record"

high likelihood

The administrator cannot tie the claimant to the reported owner because the address on the holder's record is decades old, the name is spelled differently, or a middle initial is missing.

What answers it

This is an evidential problem, not a refusal, and it is solved with documents rather than argument. Send whatever ties your identity to the address the holder reported: an old driving licence, a utility bill, a tax return, a lease, a bank statement, a marriage certificate for a name change, or a sworn statement where nothing else survives. Ask the office in writing which specific element it cannot match so you answer the actual gap rather than resending what it already has.

Where to take it next

  1. Search the GOV.UK unclaimed estates list yourselfStart here, before anything else. Search every version of your name, former names, common misspellings, and the names of deceased relatives whose estate you may share in. Note the record reference for anything that matches.Claim directtypically 1 daysofficial page
  2. Ask the holder directly for anything not yet reportedProperty only reaches the register after the dormancy period, so the most recent money is still with the bank, insurer, employer or company that owes it. Write to them as well as searching the register, and ask specifically whether they hold any balance, dividend, refund or benefit in your name and whether it has been reported as unclaimed.Claim directtypically 30 days
  3. File a claim with the Bona Vacantia Division of the Government Legal Department (the Treasury Solicitor)The claim form is free. Send it with proof of identity and proof of the connection between you and the address the holder reported. Keep a copy of everything you send and note the claim reference.Regulatortypically 90 daysofficial page
  4. Challenge a refusalBinding on themA refusal is an administrative decision, and administrative decisions can be reviewed. Ask in writing for the reason and for the internal review or appeal route, in that order. Only a very small number of unclaimed-property claims ever need a court, and almost all of those are disputes between rival claimants to the same estate rather than fights with the administrator.Court

Documents

What this regime can produce.

Every one of these is a document you send yourself, in your own name. Duesday never writes to anybody on your behalf and is never anyone’s agent.

The same claim type elsewhere

France — comptes inactifs et contrats en déshérence (loi Eckert; Ciclade)FRNationalFranceCode monétaire et financier, art. L. 312-20Confidence: highDeutschland — nachrichtenlose Konten (no central register; claim against the bank)DENationalGermanyBürgerliches Gesetzbuch, §§ 195, 199Confidence: lowIreland — dormant accounts and unclaimed life assurance (Dormant Accounts Act 2001)IENationalIrelandDormant Accounts Act 2001 (No. 32 of 2001)Confidence: mediumItalia — rapporti dormienti e il Fondo presso CONSAP (L. 266/2005, art. 1, commi 343–345)ITNationalItalyLegge 23 dicembre 2005, n. 266, art. 1, commi 343–345Confidence: mediumNederland — slapende tegoeden (bank and insurer registers; no statutory escheat)NLNationalNetherlandsBurgerlijk Wetboek, Boek 3, art. 3:306 and 3:307Confidence: lowEspaña — saldos y depósitos abandonados (Ley 33/2003, art. 18)ESNationalSpainLey 33/2003, de 3 de noviembre, del Patrimonio de las Administraciones Públicas, art. 18Confidence: mediumSwitzerland — dormant assets at Swiss banks (Banking Act art. 37m; Banking Ordinance arts. 45–59)CHNationalSwitzerlandBundesgesetz über die Banken und Sparkassen (Banking Act), art. 37mConfidence: mediumUnited Kingdom — dormant accounts and assets (Dormant Bank and Building Society Accounts Act 2008)GBNationalUnited KingdomDormant Bank and Building Society Accounts Act 2008 (c. 31), ss. 1–2Confidence: high

Other rights in the same countries

England & Wales — tenancy deposit protection (Housing Act 2004 ss. 213–215)GB-EAWSub-nationalUnited KingdomHousing Act 2004, s. 213Confidence: highGreat Britain — Delay RepayGBNationalUnited KingdomNational Rail Conditions of TravelConfidence: mediumNorthern Ireland — tenancy deposit schemes (SR 2012/373, as amended 2023)GB-NIRSub-nationalUnited KingdomTenancy Deposit Schemes Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2012Confidence: mediumScotland — tenancy deposit schemes (SSI 2011/176)GB-SCTSub-nationalUnited KingdomTenancy Deposit Schemes (Scotland) Regulations 2011, reg. 3Confidence: highConsumer Credit Act 1974 s.75 (and s.75A) — creditor joint and several liabilityGBNationalUnited KingdomConsumer Credit Act 1974, s.75Confidence: highUK Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013 (and the not-yet-commenced DMCCA subscription regime)GBNationalUnited KingdomConsumer Contracts (Information, Cancellation and Additional Charges) Regulations 2013 (SI 2013/3134)Confidence: highUK GDPR and Data Protection Act 2018GBNationalUnited KingdomUK GDPR Arts. 15–21 and Data Protection Act 2018Confidence: mediumUK Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003GBNationalUnited KingdomPrivacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003, regs. 19–24 and reg. 30Confidence: medium

Does this one reach your facts?

The engine runs every regime that could apply at once and reconciles them, rather than making you guess which page to read.

Not a law firm. Not legal advice. You send it yourself. This page describes a law; it is not advice about your situation and no outcome is promised.