Skip to content
Coverage

Rental deposit

Japan — 敷金 shikikin (Civil Code arts. 621 and 622-2)

NationalJPUnverified — check before relying on it

Japan

Rule id
deposit.jp
Version
1.0.0
In force from
April 1, 2020
Last read against its sources
August 5, 2026
Countries bound
Japan

In plain language

What this regime says.

Japanese landlords hold the 敷金 (shikikin) themselves. Since the Civil Code reform took effect on 1 April 2020 the deposit and the tenant’s restoration obligation are defined in the Code, and ordinary wear and age-related deterioration are expressly outside what the tenant must restore.

Who is covered

Tenants of residential property in Japan who paid a shikikin.

What you get

Return of the shikikin less what you genuinely owe. Charges for ordinary wear and for age-related deterioration are not part of that.

Where claims go wrong

  • Paying a restoration invoice without checking it against the MLIT guideline, which depreciates fixtures by age.
  • Confusing reikin with shikikin, and either writing off a recoverable deposit or chasing a non-refundable gift.
  • Accepting a flat "cleaning fee" clause without checking whether it was properly explained and agreed.

Authority

Every citation,
with its pinpoint.

A claim that cites “EU law” gets filed. A claim that cites Article 7(1)(c) gets answered. These are the exact coordinates this entry rests on.
  1. Civil Code of Japan (民法), arts. 621 and 622-2Civil Code (Act No. 89 of 1896), as amended with effect from 1 April 2020URL verified 2026-08-05art. 621 (restoration to original state), art. 622-2 (security deposit / 敷金)

Sources

Where a figure is indexed, converted or published by a regulator rather than fixed in the instrument, the provenance is recorded separately. Anything marked as a modelled estimate is exactly that — a model, not a statutory number.

No separate source is recorded: every figure in this entry comes from the cited instrument itself.

What it imposes

Clocks, defences and the ladder.

A rule module builds these while it evaluates, because a limitation period depends on which forum is open to you. What follows is the structure this regime produces — deliberately with no dates and no figures, because those belong to your facts rather than to the law.

What it entitles you to, beyond money

  • Determination by 簡易裁判所 (Summary Court), including its small-claims procedureYou are entitled to have the return of your deposit determined by 簡易裁判所 (Summary Court), including its small-claims procedure rather than left to the landlord. We are not stating what it will award.
  • An itemised, evidenced accountEvery regime in this product places the burden of justifying a deduction on the landlord. Ask for invoices, quotations and dated photographs, not a round number.

What the other side will say

Each of these is a refusal this regime lets a counterparty attempt, paired with the answer to it. Reading them before you write is worth more than any amount of polish on the letter itself.

"That money was reikin, not shikikin"

high likelihood

The landlord or agent characterises money the tenant paid at the start as 礼金 (reikin, key money), which is a gift and is not refundable, rather than 敷金 (shikikin), which is.

What answers it

The two are legally distinct and the contract and receipts will say which was which. Shikikin is a security deposit and the Civil Code now defines it and requires its return, less what the tenant actually owes, when the lease ends and possession is given back. Ask for the contract clause and the receipt, and check what each sum was actually called at the time.

"The property needed cleaning and redecorating"

high likelihood

The landlord charges for cleaning, carpet wear, scuffed paint or tired fittings and treats the deposit as a refurbishment fund.

What answers it

Fair wear and tear from ordinary use is not a recoverable loss in any of the regimes this product covers — a deduction must reflect damage or a breach beyond ordinary use, must be evidenced, and must be reduced for the age and remaining life of the item. Ask for the invoice, the check-in and check-out evidence, and the calculation.

"Prove you did not cause it"

high likelihood

The landlord asserts damage and expects the tenant to disprove it, often without a check-in inventory.

What answers it

It is the party seeking to keep the money who must justify keeping it. Where there is no dated check-in record to compare against, an adjudicator has nothing to measure the alleged damage from, and the deduction generally fails on that ground alone.

Where to take it next

  1. Write to the landlord or agentAsk in writing for the deposit back and for an itemised, evidenced account of anything withheld. A dated written request is what every body below will want to see first.Claim direct
  2. Apply to The landlord holds the shikikin directly; there is no central deposit authority in JapanThe landlord holds the shikikin directly; there is no central deposit authority in Japan administers the deposit and operates the first-line claim or release process.Alternative dispute resolution
  3. Apply to 簡易裁判所 (Summary Court), including its small-claims procedureBinding on them簡易裁判所 (Summary Court), including its small-claims procedure can make a binding order about the deposit.Court

Documents

What this regime can produce.

Every one of these is a document you send yourself, in your own name. Duesday never writes to anybody on your behalf and is never anyone’s agent.

The same claim type elsewhere

Albania — rental deposit (Kodi Civil (Civil Code), qiraja)ALNationalAlbaniaKodi Civil (Civil Code), qirajaConfidence: lowAustria — rental deposit (Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (ABGB) § 16b, and the Mietrechtsgesetz (MRG))ATNationalAustriaAllgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (ABGB) § 16b, and the Mietrechtsgesetz (MRG)Confidence: lowBelgium — rental deposit (Regional housing codes: Vlaams Woninghuurdecreet, Décret wallon relatif au bail d’habitation, Code bruxellois du Logement)BENationalBelgiumRegional housing codes: Vlaams Woninghuurdecreet, Décret wallon relatif au bail d’habitation, Code bruxellois du LogementConfidence: lowBosnia and Herzegovina — rental deposit (The law of obligations of the relevant entity (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina or Republika Srpska) and the applicable housing legislation)BANationalBosnia & HerzegovinaThe law of obligations of the relevant entity (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina or Republika Srpska) and the applicable housing legislationConfidence: lowBulgaria — rental deposit (Закон за задълженията и договорите (Obligations and Contracts Act), наем)BGNationalBulgariaЗакон за задълженията и договорите (Obligations and Contracts Act), наемConfidence: lowCroatia — rental deposit (Zakon o najmu stanova and the Zakon o obveznim odnosima)HRNationalCroatiaZakon o najmu stanova and the Zakon o obveznim odnosimaConfidence: lowCyprus — rental deposit (Rent Control Law of 1983 (23/1983) for controlled tenancies, and the general law of contract)CYNationalCyprusRent Control Law of 1983 (23/1983) for controlled tenancies, and the general law of contractConfidence: lowCzechia — jistota / kauce (Občanský zákoník § 2254)CZNationalCzechiaObčanský zákoník (89/2012 Sb.), § 2254Confidence: high

Other rights in the same countries

Japan — Act on Specified Commercial Transactions and the final-confirmation-screen rulesJPNationalJapan特定商取引に関する法律 (Act on Specified Commercial Transactions), Act No. 57 of 1976Confidence: mediumJapan — dormant deposits (Act No. 101 of 2016, in force 1 January 2018)JPNationalJapanAct on Utilization of Funds Related to Dormant Deposits to Promote Public Interest Activities by the Private Sector (Act No. 101 of 2016)Confidence: mediumJapan — filed conditions of carriage, the Consumer Contract Act and the Montreal ConventionJPNationalJapan航空法 第106条 (Civil Aeronautics Act, Art. 106 — filed conditions of carriage)Confidence: mediumJapan — Installment Sales Act connection of defences and Specified Commercial Transactions ActJPNationalJapan割賦販売法 第30条の4 (Installment Sales Act, art. 30-4)Confidence: mediumJapan — Japan PostJPNationalJapanPostal Act (Act No. 165 of 1947) and Japan Post's service termsConfidence: lowJapan — JR delay certificates (遅延証明書) and limited express-charge refundsJPNationalJapanCarriers’ published conditions of carriage (運送約款)Confidence: lowJapan — tax-inclusive price display and misleading representationsJPNationalJapanAct against Unjustifiable Premiums and Misleading Representations (Act No. 134 of 1962), art. 5Confidence: mediumJapan — the national fee schedule and the high-cost medical expense benefitJPNationalJapanHealth Insurance Act (健康保険法) and the National Health Insurance Act (国民健康保険法)Confidence: low

Does this one reach your facts?

The engine runs every regime that could apply at once and reconciles them, rather than making you guess which page to read.

Not a law firm. Not legal advice. You send it yourself. This page describes a law; it is not advice about your situation and no outcome is promised.