Skip to content
Coverage

Unclaimed property

United States — unclaimed deposits from failed banks and credit unions (12 U.S.C. § 1822(e))

NationalUSDerived or secondary source

United States (federal)

Rule id
unclaimed.us-fdic-ncua
Version
1.0.0
In force from
June 16, 1933
Last read against its sources
August 5, 2026
Countries bound
United States

In plain language

What this regime says.

When an insured bank or credit union fails, the FDIC or NCUA pays out the insured deposits. Depositors who cannot be found have 18 months to claim, after which the money is transferred to the unclaimed-property administrator of their last known state — where it can be claimed indefinitely.

Who is covered

Anyone who held a deposit at a US bank or credit union that failed.

What you get

The insured balance. Amounts above the insurance limit are a claim in the receivership, paid as a dividend rather than as an insured deposit.

Where claims go wrong

  • Concluding that the 18-month bar means the money is gone. It has moved to a state register, not vanished.
  • Searching the FDIC list for a credit union, which will never appear there.
  • Forgetting that the state register to search is the one for the address the bank held, which may not be where you live now.
The official claim route

Authority

Every citation,
with its pinpoint.

A claim that cites “EU law” gets filed. A claim that cites Article 7(1)(c) gets answered. These are the exact coordinates this entry rests on.
  1. 12 U.S.C. § 1822(e)Federal Deposit Insurance Act, 12 U.S.C. § 1822URL verified 2026-08-05§ 1822(e) (unclaimed insured deposits: 18 months from the start of payment, then delivery to the appropriate State as unclaimed property, at which point the depositor's rights against the Corporation are barred)
  2. 12 C.F.R. Part 330 (deposit insurance coverage)Code of Federal Regulations, Title 12URL verified 2026-08-05Part 330 (FDIC deposit insurance coverage rules)

Sources

Where a figure is indexed, converted or published by a regulator rather than fixed in the instrument, the provenance is recorded separately. Anything marked as a modelled estimate is exactly that — a model, not a statutory number.

What it imposes

Clocks, defences and the ladder.

A rule module builds these while it evaluates, because a limitation period depends on which forum is open to you. What follows is the structure this regime produces — deliberately with no dates and no figures, because those belong to your facts rather than to the law.

The clocks it starts

  • Your right to this property is extinguished if you do not claim in timeFatal if missedSection 1822(e) gives an insured depositor 18 months from the start of the FDIC's payment of insured deposits to claim. After that the depositor's rights against the FDIC and against any transferee institution are barred by statute. The clock runs from the date the FDIC began paying insured deposits after the institution failed. We cannot date it for you because the information you have given us does not include when the property became dormant — ask the administrator for that date in writing as the first thing you do. (Period: 18 months. We need the start date to work out your exact deadline.)Limitation period

What it entitles you to, beyond money

  • A route for heirs and estatesA deceased depositor's insured deposit is claimed through the estate, or by a payable-on-death beneficiary named on the account, in the ordinary way. Where the money has already moved to a state register, the state's heir process applies instead and is usually the easier of the two.§ 1822(e) (unclaimed insured deposits: 18 months from the start of payment, then delivery to the appropriate State as unclaimed property, at which point the depositor's rights against the Corporation are barred)
  • A free search of the official registerSearching the FDIC and NCUA unclaimed deposit searches costs nothing and requires no account, no fee and no intermediary. Search under every name you have used.

What the other side will say

Each of these is a refusal this regime lets a counterparty attempt, paired with the answer to it. Reading them before you write is worth more than any amount of polish on the letter itself.

A "recovery agent" or "asset locator" contacts you first

high likelihood

A firm writes or calls saying it has located money in your name and will recover it for a share — commonly a quarter to a half — and asks you to sign a locator agreement before it will tell you where the money is or who holds it.

What answers it

Every register in this product is free to search and free to claim from, and the office holding the money will not pay a finder any faster than it pays you. You do not need to know where the money is to find it: search the official portal for your own name. If you have already signed, check the statutory finder rules for the jurisdiction — most void an agreement made within a defined window after the property reached the administrator and cap the fee thereafter, and an agreement that breaks those rules is unenforceable against you.

"The owner is deceased and you have not proved you are entitled"

high likelihood

The register holds property in a dead relative's name and the administrator asks for grant of probate, letters of administration or an equivalent that the family never obtained because the estate looked too small to be worth administering.

What answers it

Ask the office what its small-estate route is before you pay for probate. Most administrators will pay a modest sum to a surviving spouse or next of kin on an affidavit of heirship, a death certificate and proof of relationship, precisely because requiring a grant for a small balance would mean nobody ever claims it. Where the sum is large enough to need a grant, the existence of the asset is itself the reason to obtain one.

"We cannot match you to this record"

high likelihood

The administrator cannot tie the claimant to the reported owner because the address on the holder's record is decades old, the name is spelled differently, or a middle initial is missing.

What answers it

This is an evidential problem, not a refusal, and it is solved with documents rather than argument. Send whatever ties your identity to the address the holder reported: an old driving licence, a utility bill, a tax return, a lease, a bank statement, a marriage certificate for a name change, or a sworn statement where nothing else survives. Ask the office in writing which specific element it cannot match so you answer the actual gap rather than resending what it already has.

Where to take it next

  1. Search the FDIC and NCUA unclaimed deposit searches yourselfStart here, before anything else. Search every version of your name, former names, common misspellings, and the names of deceased relatives whose estate you may share in. Note the record reference for anything that matches.Claim directtypically 1 daysofficial page
  2. Ask the holder directly for anything not yet reportedProperty only reaches the register after the dormancy period, so the most recent money is still with the bank, insurer, employer or company that owes it. Write to them as well as searching the register, and ask specifically whether they hold any balance, dividend, refund or benefit in your name and whether it has been reported as unclaimed.Claim directtypically 30 days
  3. File a claim with The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation for banks, and the National Credit Union Administration for credit unionsThe claim form is free. Send it with proof of identity and proof of the connection between you and the address the holder reported. Keep a copy of everything you send and note the claim reference.Regulatortypically 90 daysofficial page
  4. Challenge a refusalBinding on themA refusal is an administrative decision, and administrative decisions can be reviewed. Ask in writing for the reason and for the internal review or appeal route, in that order. Only a very small number of unclaimed-property claims ever need a court, and almost all of those are disputes between rival claimants to the same estate rather than fights with the administrator.Court

Documents

What this regime can produce.

Every one of these is a document you send yourself, in your own name. Duesday never writes to anybody on your behalf and is never anyone’s agent.

The same claim type elsewhere

England & Wales — unclaimed estates and bona vacantia (Administration of Estates Act 1925 s. 46)GB-EAWSub-nationalUnited KingdomAdministration of Estates Act 1925 (c. 23), s. 46(1)(vi)Confidence: mediumFrance — comptes inactifs et contrats en déshérence (loi Eckert; Ciclade)FRNationalFranceCode monétaire et financier, art. L. 312-20Confidence: highDeutschland — nachrichtenlose Konten (no central register; claim against the bank)DENationalGermanyBürgerliches Gesetzbuch, §§ 195, 199Confidence: lowIreland — dormant accounts and unclaimed life assurance (Dormant Accounts Act 2001)IENationalIrelandDormant Accounts Act 2001 (No. 32 of 2001)Confidence: mediumItalia — rapporti dormienti e il Fondo presso CONSAP (L. 266/2005, art. 1, commi 343–345)ITNationalItalyLegge 23 dicembre 2005, n. 266, art. 1, commi 343–345Confidence: mediumNederland — slapende tegoeden (bank and insurer registers; no statutory escheat)NLNationalNetherlandsBurgerlijk Wetboek, Boek 3, art. 3:306 and 3:307Confidence: lowEspaña — saldos y depósitos abandonados (Ley 33/2003, art. 18)ESNationalSpainLey 33/2003, de 3 de noviembre, del Patrimonio de las Administraciones Públicas, art. 18Confidence: mediumSwitzerland — dormant assets at Swiss banks (Banking Act art. 37m; Banking Ordinance arts. 45–59)CHNationalSwitzerlandBundesgesetz über die Banken und Sparkassen (Banking Act), art. 37mConfidence: medium

Other rights in the same countries

Does this one reach your facts?

The engine runs every regime that could apply at once and reconciles them, rather than making you guess which page to read.

Not a law firm. Not legal advice. You send it yourself. This page describes a law; it is not advice about your situation and no outcome is promised.