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Coverage

Rental deposit

France — dépôt de garantie (Loi n° 89-462, art. 22)

NationalFRRead off primary law

France

Rule id
deposit.fr
Version
1.0.0
In force from
March 27, 2014
Last read against its sources
August 5, 2026
Countries bound
France

In plain language

What this regime says.

A French landlord must return the deposit within one month of the keys coming back where the exit inventory matches the entry inventory, and within two months where it does not. Miss that and the sum owed rises by 10% of a month’s rent for every monthly period of delay commenced, automatically and without any need to prove a loss.

Who is covered

Tenants of a main residence in France under Loi n° 89-462, furnished or unfurnished.

What you get

The deposit back, plus 10% of the monthly rent excluding charges for each commenced month of delay, plus repayment of anything taken above the statutory cap.

Where claims go wrong

  • Running the clock from the end of the notice period. It runs from the handover of the keys.
  • Forgetting to give a forwarding address in writing — that single omission kills the 10% penalty, though never the deposit itself.
  • Accepting an indefinite hold for service charges. Only 20% of the deposit may be held for that, and only until the annual accounts are settled.
  • Suing without first attempting conciliation. Below EUR 5,000 that attempt is compulsory and free.
  • Waiting more than three years. Article 7-1 bars the claim.
The official claim route

Authority

Every citation,
with its pinpoint.

A claim that cites “EU law” gets filed. A claim that cites Article 7(1)(c) gets answered. These are the exact coordinates this entry rests on.
  1. Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989, art. 22Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989 tendant à améliorer les rapports locatifsURL verified 2026-08-05art. 22 (dépôt de garantie — montant, restitution, majoration de retard)
  2. Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989, art. 25-6Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989 tendant à améliorer les rapports locatifsURL verified 2026-08-05art. 25-6 (location meublée — dépôt de garantie de deux mois)
  3. Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989, art. 7-1Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989 tendant à améliorer les rapports locatifsURL verified 2026-08-05art. 7-1 (prescription triennale des actions dérivant du contrat de bail)

Sources

Where a figure is indexed, converted or published by a regulator rather than fixed in the instrument, the provenance is recorded separately. Anything marked as a modelled estimate is exactly that — a model, not a statutory number.

What it imposes

Clocks, defences and the ladder.

A rule module builds these while it evaluates, because a limitation period depends on which forum is open to you. What follows is the structure this regime produces — deliberately with no dates and no figures, because those belong to your facts rather than to the law.

The clocks it starts

  • Landlord’s one-month deadline to return the depositArticle 22 requires the deposit to be returned within one month of the keys being handed back where the exit and entry inventories match, and within two months where they do not. The clock runs from the handover of the keys, in person or by recorded delivery — not from the end of the notice period.Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989, art. 22 — art. 22 (dépôt de garantie — montant, restitution, majoration de retard)Response due
  • Three-year limitation period (prescription triennale)Fatal if missedArticle 7-1 bars actions arising from a lease three years after the day the holder of the right knew or ought to have known the facts allowing it to be exercised. For a deposit that is the day the return deadline expired.Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989, art. 7-1 — art. 7-1 (prescription triennale des actions dérivant du contrat de bail)Limitation period

What the other side will say

Each of these is a refusal this regime lets a counterparty attempt, paired with the answer to it. Reading them before you write is worth more than any amount of polish on the letter itself.

"We are waiting for the service charges (régularisation des charges)"

high likelihood

The landlord holds the entire deposit indefinitely pending the annual copropriété accounts.

What answers it

Article 22 permits a provision of at most 20% of the deposit to be retained until the annual accounts are settled. It does not permit the other 80% to be held, and it does not suspend the one- or two-month deadline for that 80%. The 10% per-month majoration runs on the amount that should have been returned.

Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989, art. 22 — art. 22 (dépôt de garantie — montant, restitution, majoration de retard)

"We are waiting for a quote from the builder"

high likelihood

The landlord keeps the deposit because repair costs are not yet known.

What answers it

The two-month period exists precisely so that the landlord can obtain quotes and evidence. It does not extend because they left it late. After the deadline the majoration accrues whether or not the quote has arrived, and a deduction that is still unquantified when the deadline passes is a deduction the landlord has not justified.

Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989, art. 22 — art. 22 (dépôt de garantie — montant, restitution, majoration de retard)

"The property needed cleaning and redecorating"

high likelihood

The landlord charges for cleaning, carpet wear, scuffed paint or tired fittings and treats the deposit as a refurbishment fund.

What answers it

Fair wear and tear from ordinary use is not a recoverable loss in any of the regimes this product covers — a deduction must reflect damage or a breach beyond ordinary use, must be evidenced, and must be reduced for the age and remaining life of the item. Ask for the invoice, the check-in and check-out evidence, and the calculation.

"Prove you did not cause it"

high likelihood

The landlord asserts damage and expects the tenant to disprove it, often without a check-in inventory.

What answers it

It is the party seeking to keep the money who must justify keeping it. Where there is no dated check-in record to compare against, an adjudicator has nothing to measure the alleged damage from, and the deduction generally fails on that ground alone.

"You never gave us a forwarding address"

medium likelihood

The landlord relies on the statutory exception to defeat the late-return penalty.

What answers it

This is a real exception — the majoration is not due where the tenant failed to give their new address. But it defeats only the majoration, never the deposit itself, and the landlord must show that no address was given. If you gave it in your notice, in the exit inventory, or in any email, produce that document and the exception falls away.

Loi n° 89-462 du 6 juillet 1989, art. 22 — art. 22 (dépôt de garantie — montant, restitution, majoration de retard)

Where to take it next

  1. Mise en demeure by lettre recommandée avec accusé de réceptionSend a formal demand by recorded delivery with acknowledgement of receipt. It is what starts the formal record, and the acknowledgement is the proof a judge will want. State the deposit, the date the keys were handed back, the deadline that expired, and the 10% per-month majoration you are claiming.Claim directtypically 15 days
  2. Conciliateur de justice or commission départementale de conciliationFor a claim below EUR 5000 an attempt at amicable resolution is compulsory before you can sue: a conciliateur de justice or the commission départementale de conciliation, both free of charge, or a civil mediator, who is not. Keep the written record of the attempt — the court will ask for it.Alternative dispute resolutiontypically 60 days
  3. Tribunal judiciaire (juge des contentieux de la protection)Binding on themThe tribunal judiciaire has taken over residential tenancy disputes from the former tribunal d’instance since 1 January 2020. A lawyer is not required at this level for a claim of this size.Courttypically 180 days

Documents

What this regime can produce.

Every one of these is a document you send yourself, in your own name. Duesday never writes to anybody on your behalf and is never anyone’s agent.

The same claim type elsewhere

Albania — rental deposit (Kodi Civil (Civil Code), qiraja)ALNationalAlbaniaKodi Civil (Civil Code), qirajaConfidence: lowAustria — rental deposit (Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (ABGB) § 16b, and the Mietrechtsgesetz (MRG))ATNationalAustriaAllgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (ABGB) § 16b, and the Mietrechtsgesetz (MRG)Confidence: lowBelgium — rental deposit (Regional housing codes: Vlaams Woninghuurdecreet, Décret wallon relatif au bail d’habitation, Code bruxellois du Logement)BENationalBelgiumRegional housing codes: Vlaams Woninghuurdecreet, Décret wallon relatif au bail d’habitation, Code bruxellois du LogementConfidence: lowBosnia and Herzegovina — rental deposit (The law of obligations of the relevant entity (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina or Republika Srpska) and the applicable housing legislation)BANationalBosnia & HerzegovinaThe law of obligations of the relevant entity (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina or Republika Srpska) and the applicable housing legislationConfidence: lowBulgaria — rental deposit (Закон за задълженията и договорите (Obligations and Contracts Act), наем)BGNationalBulgariaЗакон за задълженията и договорите (Obligations and Contracts Act), наемConfidence: lowCroatia — rental deposit (Zakon o najmu stanova and the Zakon o obveznim odnosima)HRNationalCroatiaZakon o najmu stanova and the Zakon o obveznim odnosimaConfidence: lowCyprus — rental deposit (Rent Control Law of 1983 (23/1983) for controlled tenancies, and the general law of contract)CYNationalCyprusRent Control Law of 1983 (23/1983) for controlled tenancies, and the general law of contractConfidence: lowCzechia — jistota / kauce (Občanský zákoník § 2254)CZNationalCzechiaObčanský zákoník (89/2012 Sb.), § 2254Confidence: high

Other rights in the same countries

Does this one reach your facts?

The engine runs every regime that could apply at once and reconciles them, rather than making you guess which page to read.

Not a law firm. Not legal advice. You send it yourself. This page describes a law; it is not advice about your situation and no outcome is promised.