Skip to content
Coverage

Rental deposit

New Hampshire security deposit return — RSA 540-A:7

Sub-nationalUS-NHRead off primary law

New Hampshire

Rule id
deposit.us-nh
Version
1.0.0
In force from
July 1, 2006
Last read against its sources
August 5, 2026
Countries bound
United States

In plain language

What this regime says.

New Hampshire gives a landlord 30 days to deal with a security deposit after the tenancy ends. A written itemised statement of deductions is mandatory. A landlord who misses the statutory deadline can be liable for up to 2× the whole deposit.

Who is covered

Residential tenants in New Hampshire whose landlord has kept some or all of a security deposit.

What you get

The wrongfully withheld part of your deposit, potentially multiplied by 2.

Where claims go wrong

  • Not giving a written forwarding address. In this state that is the single most common reason a good deposit claim fails.
  • Waiting. The limitation period runs from the day the deadline was missed, not from the day you noticed.
  • Accepting a partial payment marked "full and final settlement" without reserving your rights in writing.

Authority

Every citation,
with its pinpoint.

A claim that cites “EU law” gets filed. A claim that cites Article 7(1)(c) gets answered. These are the exact coordinates this entry rests on.
  1. RSA 540-A:7New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated, tit. LV, ch. 540-A (Prohibited Practices and Security Deposits)URL verified 2026-08-05§ 540-A:7
  2. RSA 540-A:6New Hampshire Revised Statutes AnnotatedURL verified 2026-08-05§ 540-A:6 — cap, trust account or bond, interest
  3. RSA 540-A:8New Hampshire Revised Statutes AnnotatedURL verified 2026-08-05§ 540-A:8, I(b) — double damages
  4. RSA 540-A:5New Hampshire Revised Statutes AnnotatedURL verified 2026-08-05§ 540-A:5 — definitions of "landlord" and "security deposit"
  5. RSA 358-A:10New Hampshire Consumer Protection ActURL verified 2026-08-05§ 358-A:10, I — USD 1,000 floor, doubling or trebling, costs and attorney's fees
  6. RSA 503:1New Hampshire Revised Statutes AnnotatedURL verified 2026-08-05§ 503:1, I — small claims jurisdiction

Sources

Where a figure is indexed, converted or published by a regulator rather than fixed in the instrument, the provenance is recorded separately. Anything marked as a modelled estimate is exactly that — a model, not a statutory number.

  • US small-claims jurisdictional limits and filing feesState judiciary self-help and court-administration pagesretrieved 2026-08-05

What it imposes

Clocks, defences and the ladder.

A rule module builds these while it evaluates, because a limitation period depends on which forum is open to you. What follows is the structure this regime produces — deliberately with no dates and no figures, because those belong to your facts rather than to the law.

The clocks it starts

  • Landlord's deadline to account for the depositRSA 540-A:7 gives the landlord 30 days from 2026-07-09 to return the deposit and account for any deductions.RSA 540-A:7 — § 540-A:7Response due
  • New Hampshire limitation period for a deposit claimFatal if missedThree years under RSA 508:4, I: "all personal actions, except actions for slander or libel, may be brought only within 3 years of the act or omission complained of". A RSA 358-A claim runs on the same three years. The clock runs from 2026-08-08, the day the landlord's own deadline expired.RSA 508:4 — § 508:4, ILimitation period

What it entitles you to, beyond money

  • Interest on the depositNew Hampshire requires interest to be paid on a residential security deposit. Rate basis: the regular savings-account rate at the New Hampshire institution actually holding the deposit. RSA 540-A:6, IV(a): "A landlord who holds a security deposit for a period of one year or longer shall pay to the tenant interest on the deposit at a rate equal to the interest rate paid on regular savings accounts in the New Hampshire bank, savings and loan association, or credit union in which it is deposited, commencing from the date the landlord receives the deposit." Where deposits are mingled in one trust account the landlord pays the actual interest earned, proportionately. RSA 540-A:6, IV(b) entitles you on request to the name of the institution, the account number, the balance and the rate, and to examine the records — ask for all five in writing, because unpaid interest is itself a RSA 540-A:8, I(b) violation and doubles the whole deposit. Ask for it expressly: it is routinely forgotten and is owed on top of the deposit itself.§ 540-A:6 — cap, trust account or bond, interest

What the other side will say

Each of these is a refusal this regime lets a counterparty attempt, paired with the answer to it. Reading them before you write is worth more than any amount of polish on the letter itself.

The landlord charges you for ordinary wear and tear

high likelihood

The landlord bills you for repainting, carpet cleaning, or "making good" the unit, treating ordinary deterioration as damage.

What answers it

New Hampshire does not allow a deposit to be applied to normal wear and tear. RSA 540-A:7, I permits deduction only where "there are any damages to the premises, excluding reasonable wear and tear". The section then puts the landlord to proof: it must state the nature of each repair "with particularity" and produce satisfactory evidence that the repair has been or will be done. A line reading "cleaning — $250" satisfies neither limb. Ask the landlord to identify, item by item, what exceeds that standard, and to produce the move-in condition record that shows the item was not already worn when you took possession.

RSA 540-A:7 — § 540-A:7

"The carpet/paint had to be replaced"

high likelihood

The landlord charges the full cost of a new carpet, new paint or a new appliance against your deposit.

What answers it

A tenant is not liable for the full replacement cost of an item that was already part-way through its useful life. The recoverable figure is the depreciated value of the remaining life, not a new-for-old replacement. Ask for the installation date and the invoice; carpet is conventionally depreciated over five to ten years and interior paint over two to four. A landlord who cannot date the item cannot prove the loss, and in a deposit case the landlord carries the burden.

RSA 540-A:7 — § 540-A:7

"We never received a forwarding address"

high likelihood

The landlord says it could not return the deposit because it did not know where to send it.

What answers it

Produce the written record — the email, the text, the certified-mail receipt, the notice-to-vacate that carried the address, or the change-of-address confirmation from the postal service. A landlord who received the address and did nothing cannot rely on this. If the address genuinely was never given, give it now in writing: in most states that starts the clock rather than ending the claim.

RSA 540-A:8 — § 540-A:8, I(b) — double damages

"We sent you the itemisation"

high likelihood

The landlord asserts it posted the itemised statement inside the statutory window and that you simply did not receive it.

What answers it

Ask for proof of despatch, not proof of intention: the certificate of mailing, the certified-mail receipt, the tracking number, or the timestamped email. Most deposit statutes require the statement to be sent within the period, and the landlord bears the burden of showing it did so. An unevidenced assertion that a letter was posted is not evidence that it was.

RSA 540-A:7 — § 540-A:7

"We had to have the unit professionally cleaned"

high likelihood

A flat "cleaning fee" is deducted whether or not the unit was left dirty.

What answers it

A standing cleaning charge applied to every tenant is not a loss caused by you and is not a permitted deduction. The landlord must show the unit was left less clean than it was at move-in and must produce the invoice for the work actually done. Compare the move-in and move-out condition records; where the landlord did not make a move-in record, it has little with which to prove the difference.

RSA 540-A:7 — § 540-A:7

"You never told us your new address"

high likelihood

The landlord relies on RSA 540-A:8, II to answer the whole claim.

What answers it

RSA 540-A:8, II excuses the landlord only where its failure to comply "is due to" your failure to notify it of your new address. That is a causation test, not a checklist item: a landlord that had your email, your phone number, a forwarding address on the notice to quit, or that in fact sent you a partial refund or an itemised list, plainly did not fail because it could not find you. Produce whatever contact it used after you left. If no address was ever given, send one in writing today — the six-month reversion in the same paragraph runs from termination of the tenancy, and it is absolute once it expires.

RSA 540-A:8 — § 540-A:8, I(b) — double damages

"That was a pet fee, not a security deposit"

high likelihood

The landlord relabels part of the money to put it outside the chapter.

What answers it

RSA 540-A:5, II defines a security deposit as "all funds in excess of the monthly rent which are transferred from the tenant to the landlord for any purpose". The label on the line item is irrelevant; a pet fee, cleaning fee, key deposit or "administration charge" taken on top of the month's rent is a security deposit, counts against the RSA 540-A:6, I(a) ceiling, and has to come back under RSA 540-A:7.

RSA 540-A:5 — § 540-A:5 — definitions of "landlord" and "security deposit"

"You broke the lease, so we keep the deposit"

medium likelihood

The landlord treats an early departure as forfeiting the deposit outright.

What answers it

A deposit is security for actual loss, not a penalty. Breaking a lease may make you liable for rent until the unit is re-let, but the landlord must mitigate, must itemise what it actually lost, and must still account for the deposit within the statutory period. A blanket forfeiture clause does not survive: deposit statutes are generally non-waivable, so a lease term purporting to let the landlord keep the money regardless is unenforceable.

RSA 540-A:7 — § 540-A:7

"This chapter does not apply to us"

medium likelihood

The landlord says it is a small owner outside RSA 540-A.

What answers it

RSA 540-A:5, I excludes only "A person who rents or leases a single-family residence and owns no other rental property or who rents or leases rental units in an owner-occupied building of 5 units or less". Both limbs are narrow. The first fails if the owner holds any other rental property anywhere. The second fails if the owner does not itself occupy the building, or if the building has six or more units. And the exclusion is switched off entirely "for any individual unit in such building which is occupied by a person or persons 60 years of age or older". Make the landlord state which limb it says it falls in, then check the deeds.

RSA 540-A:5 — § 540-A:5 — definitions of "landlord" and "security deposit"

The deposit was never held in trust and no receipt was given

medium likelihood

The landlord banked your money with its own and gave you nothing in writing.

What answers it

RSA 540-A:6, II(a) provides that security deposits "continue to be the money of the tenant and shall be held in trust by the person with whom such deposit is made and shall not be mingled with the personal moneys or become an asset of the landlord", the alternative being a bond posted with the town or city clerk under II(c). RSA 540-A:6, I(b) requires a signed receipt stating the amount and the place the deposit will be held. RSA 540-A:8, I(a) makes a breach of either a violation of RSA 358-A:2, and RSA 358-A:10, I awards "actual damages or $1,000, whichever is greater", doubled or trebled for a wilful or knowing violation, plus costs and reasonable attorney's fees. That is a second claim, not an argument — plead it alongside the deposit.

RSA 358-A:10 — § 358-A:10, I — USD 1,000 floor, doubling or trebling, costs and attorney's fees

Where to take it next

  1. Written demand to the landlordSend a dated letter that quotes RSA 540-A:7, states the date the statutory clock started and the date it expired, sets out the sum claimed, and gives a deadline of 14 days. Send it by a method that produces proof of despatch. Most deposits come back at this stage, because the letter shows the landlord you know the deadline it missed.Claim directtypically 14 days
  2. New Hampshire Department of Justice — Consumer Protection and Antitrust BureauThe Bureau enforces RSA 358-A, which is the chapter RSA 540-A:8, I(a) routes a cap, receipt, trust-account or transfer breach into. It takes complaints and mediates; it does not order a deposit repaid, so run it alongside the small claims filing rather than instead of it.Regulatortypically 60 daysofficial page
  3. New Hampshire Small claims session of the Circuit Court, District DivisionBinding on themThe claim limit is USD 10,000. RSA 503:1, I caps a small claim at USD 10,000 exclusive of interest and costs. Two thresholds inside that matter: above USD 1,500 the defendant may demand a jury and move the case to the superior court under RSA 503:1, III, and above USD 5,000 mediation is compulsory under RSA 503:1, IV. Bring the lease, the deposit receipt, your move-in and move-out photographs, the forwarding-address proof and your demand letter.Small claimstypically 90 daysofficial page

Documents

What this regime can produce.

Every one of these is a document you send yourself, in your own name. Duesday never writes to anybody on your behalf and is never anyone’s agent.

The same claim type elsewhere

Albania — rental deposit (Kodi Civil (Civil Code), qiraja)ALNationalAlbaniaKodi Civil (Civil Code), qirajaConfidence: lowAustria — rental deposit (Allgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (ABGB) § 16b, and the Mietrechtsgesetz (MRG))ATNationalAustriaAllgemeines Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (ABGB) § 16b, and the Mietrechtsgesetz (MRG)Confidence: lowBelgium — rental deposit (Regional housing codes: Vlaams Woninghuurdecreet, Décret wallon relatif au bail d’habitation, Code bruxellois du Logement)BENationalBelgiumRegional housing codes: Vlaams Woninghuurdecreet, Décret wallon relatif au bail d’habitation, Code bruxellois du LogementConfidence: lowBosnia and Herzegovina — rental deposit (The law of obligations of the relevant entity (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina or Republika Srpska) and the applicable housing legislation)BANationalBosnia & HerzegovinaThe law of obligations of the relevant entity (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina or Republika Srpska) and the applicable housing legislationConfidence: lowBulgaria — rental deposit (Закон за задълженията и договорите (Obligations and Contracts Act), наем)BGNationalBulgariaЗакон за задълженията и договорите (Obligations and Contracts Act), наемConfidence: lowCroatia — rental deposit (Zakon o najmu stanova and the Zakon o obveznim odnosima)HRNationalCroatiaZakon o najmu stanova and the Zakon o obveznim odnosimaConfidence: lowCyprus — rental deposit (Rent Control Law of 1983 (23/1983) for controlled tenancies, and the general law of contract)CYNationalCyprusRent Control Law of 1983 (23/1983) for controlled tenancies, and the general law of contractConfidence: lowCzechia — jistota / kauce (Občanský zákoník § 2254)CZNationalCzechiaObčanský zákoník (89/2012 Sb.), § 2254Confidence: high

Other rights in the same countries

Does this one reach your facts?

The engine runs every regime that could apply at once and reconciles them, rather than making you guess which page to read.

Not a law firm. Not legal advice. You send it yourself. This page describes a law; it is not advice about your situation and no outcome is promised.