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Coverage

Data rights

Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act

Sub-nationalUS-ILRead off primary law

Illinois, United States

Rule id
data.us-il-bipa
Version
1.1.0
In force from
October 3, 2008
Last read against its sources
August 5, 2026
Countries bound
United States

In plain language

What this regime says.

BIPA is the only biometric privacy statute in the United States that lets an individual sue. It gives liquidated damages of USD 1,000 for a negligent violation and USD 5,000 for an intentional or reckless one, plus attorney's fees, with no need to prove harm — but since August 2024, only one recovery per person per method of collection.

Who is covered

Anyone whose fingerprint, retina or iris scan, voiceprint, or scan of hand or face geometry was collected by a private entity in Illinois. It covers employees, which most privacy statutes do not, and employee timeclock cases are the bulk of BIPA litigation.

What you get

USD 1,000 (negligent) or USD 5,000 (intentional or reckless) per method of collection, plus reasonable attorney's fees, costs and expert fees, plus injunctive relief. Fee-shifting is what makes it economically viable to bring.

Where claims go wrong

  • Believing the per-scan figures still current online. SB 2979 capped recovery at one per person per method of collection from 2 August 2024.
  • Missing the five-year limitation period fixed by Tims v. Black Horse Carriers.
  • Suing only the employer and not the biometric vendor, or vice versa. Both are usually liable.
  • Overlooking § 15(a): the duty to publish a written retention and destruction schedule is separate, frequently breached, and not covered by the single-recovery cap.
The official claim route

Authority

Every citation,
with its pinpoint.

A claim that cites “EU law” gets filed. A claim that cites Article 7(1)(c) gets answered. These are the exact coordinates this entry rests on.
  1. Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act, 740 ILCS 14Biometric Information Privacy Act, Public Act 95-994 (740 ILCS 14/1 et seq.)URL verified 2026-08-05§§ 10, 15, 20
  2. 740 ILCS 14/15 — retention, consent, no sale, no disclosure, standard of careBiometric Information Privacy ActURL verified 2026-08-05§ 15(a)–(e)
  3. 740 ILCS 14/20 — right of action, USD 1,000 negligent / USD 5,000 intentional or reckless, plus feesBiometric Information Privacy ActURL verified 2026-08-05§ 20
  4. Public Act 103-0769 (SB 2979), effective 2 August 2024 — single recovery per person per method of collectionIllinois Public Act 103-0769, amending 740 ILCS 14/20URL verified 2026-08-05740 ILCS 14/20(b)–(c)
  5. Tims v. Black Horse Carriers, Inc., 2023 IL 127801 — five-year limitation period for all BIPA claimsSupreme Court of Illinois (2 February 2023)URL verified 2026-08-05
  6. Cothron v. White Castle System, Inc., 2023 IL 128004 — claims accrued on each scan (superseded prospectively by SB 2979)Supreme Court of Illinois (17 February 2023)URL verified 2026-08-05
  7. Rosenbach v. Six Flags Entertainment Corp., 2019 IL 123186 — a statutory violation alone makes a person "aggrieved"Supreme Court of Illinois (25 January 2019)URL verified 2026-08-05

Sources

Where a figure is indexed, converted or published by a regulator rather than fixed in the instrument, the provenance is recorded separately. Anything marked as a modelled estimate is exactly that — a model, not a statutory number.

What it imposes

Clocks, defences and the ladder.

A rule module builds these while it evaluates, because a limitation period depends on which forum is open to you. What follows is the structure this regime produces — deliberately with no dates and no figures, because those belong to your facts rather than to the law.

What it entitles you to, beyond money

  • Attorney's fees, costs and expert fees shifted to the defendant§ 20(3) makes reasonable attorney's fees and costs, expert witness fees and other litigation expenses recoverable by a prevailing party. This is why BIPA claims are economically viable to bring on contingency when a USD 1,000–5,000 claim otherwise would not be, and it is the single most important sentence in the statute for an individual claimant.§ 20

What the other side will say

Each of these is a refusal this regime lets a counterparty attempt, paired with the answer to it. Reading them before you write is worth more than any amount of polish on the letter itself.

The SB 2979 single-recovery cap

high likelihood

Under 740 ILCS 14/20, repeated collection of the same biometric identifier by the same method is a single violation. The claimant is entitled to one recovery, not one per scan.

What answers it

For collection by one method, this is now the law and you should not fight it — accept one recovery and move on to the parts it does not cover. What the cap does NOT reach: (1) separate METHODS of collection — a fingerprint timeclock and a facial-recognition camera are two methods, and each carries its own recovery; (2) violations of § 15(a), the retention-schedule and destruction duty, which the amendment did not touch; (3) violations of § 15(c), the absolute prohibition on selling, leasing, trading or otherwise profiting from biometric data; (4) disclosure to DIFFERENT recipients, since the cap runs per recipient. Plead each separately.

Public Act 103-0769 (SB 2979), effective 2 August 2024 — single recovery per person per method of collection — 740 ILCS 14/20(b)–(c)

The amendment applied backwards to conduct before August 2024

high likelihood

The 2024 amendment clarified existing law rather than changing it, so it applies to your claim even though the conduct predates it.

What answers it

This is genuinely contested and you should not concede it. The argument against retroactive application is that the amendment substantively changed the measure of damages rather than clarifying a procedure, and Illinois law generally presumes amendments affecting substantive rights operate prospectively. If your collection occurred before 2 August 2024, plead Cothron accrual in the alternative and make them litigate it. Check the current state of Illinois appellate authority before filing — this was moving through the courts during 2025 and 2026.

Public Act 103-0769 (SB 2979), effective 2 August 2024 — single recovery per person per method of collection — 740 ILCS 14/20(b)–(c)

"You consented in the employee handbook"

high likelihood

The claimant acknowledged our handbook, which discloses the timeclock system.

What answers it

§ 15(b) requires three specific things before collection: written notice that a biometric identifier is being collected or stored, written notice of the specific purpose and the length of term for which it will be collected, stored and used, and a WRITTEN RELEASE executed by the subject. A general handbook acknowledgment is none of these. Ask for the document that names the biometric identifier, states the retention term, and bears a signature. It usually does not exist.

740 ILCS 14/15 — retention, consent, no sale, no disclosure, standard of care — § 15(a)–(e)

"You suffered no actual injury"

medium likelihood

The claimant cannot identify any harm from our collection of their fingerprint, so there is no claim.

What answers it

Rosenbach v. Six Flags, 2019 IL 123186, is directly against this: a person is "aggrieved" within § 20 by the statutory violation itself, and need show no additional injury. That is the whole design of the statute — liquidated damages exist precisely because biometric harm is hard to quantify and impossible to undo.

Rosenbach v. Six Flags Entertainment Corp., 2019 IL 123186 — a statutory violation alone makes a person "aggrieved"

"The vendor collected it, not us"

medium likelihood

The biometric data was collected and stored by our timeclock vendor. Direct your claim to them.

What answers it

BIPA reaches any "private entity" that collects, captures, obtains, stores or discloses biometric identifiers, and both the employer and the vendor routinely qualify. The employer obtained the identifier; the vendor stored it. Sue both, and let them argue about apportionment. § 15(a) also requires a publicly available written retention and destruction policy — ask each of them for theirs.

740 ILCS 14/15 — retention, consent, no sale, no disclosure, standard of care — § 15(a)–(e)

Where to take it next

  1. Written demand to the entity and to its biometric vendorAsk for four documents: the written release you supposedly signed, the written notice of purpose and retention term, the publicly available retention and destruction schedule, and confirmation of whether the data was disclosed or sold. Send it to both the company and the timeclock or software vendor. Most BIPA defendants cannot produce the first two, and the answer decides the case.Claim directtypically 30 days
  2. Illinois Attorney General consumer complaintBIPA is enforced privately rather than by the Attorney General, so this is a secondary route — but the office does track biometric complaints and a filed complaint costs nothing and creates a dated record.Regulatortypically 90 daysofficial page
  3. Circuit Court of Illinois — individual or class claimBinding on themThis is the real remedy and the one the statute was designed around. Fee-shifting under § 20(3) means the Illinois plaintiffs' bar will assess a BIPA claim for free and take it on contingency, and biometric claims are very often class claims because the same timeclock scanned everybody. Before you spend anything, send the four-document demand above — a defendant who cannot produce a signed written release usually knows what that means.Courttypically 540 days
  4. Ask whether a class action already existsBIPA class actions against employers and biometric vendors are numerous, and if one already covers your employer you may be a class member without doing anything. Search the defendant's name plus "BIPA settlement" before filing your own claim.Collective actiontypically 365 days

The same claim type elsewhere

Other rights in the same countries

Does this one reach your facts?

The engine runs every regime that could apply at once and reconciles them, rather than making you guess which page to read.

Not a law firm. Not legal advice. You send it yourself. This page describes a law; it is not advice about your situation and no outcome is promised.